Etikettarkiv: Goulstonian lectures

ADD och ADHD, NPF, Samhälle - politik, Vetenskap

Sidförslag ADHD historia..

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Ja till slut så bidde det en egen sida av historiken…

ADHD History

The History of ADHD: 1798, Alexander Crichton

The absolutely first known history of ADHD was written already in 1798 by a Scottish-born physician and author, Sir Alexander Crichton (1763-1856).

He described what seems to be a similar mental state much like the inattentive subtype of ADHD, in his book: An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement: comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their efects. In the chapter ”Attention”, Crichton described a ”mental restlessness”.

The history of ADHD 1902, Sir George Frederick Still

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) The father of British pediatrics.

England’s first professor in child medicine presented on 4th, 6th and 11th March 1902 a series of three lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in London, under the name “Goulstonian lectures” on ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, which were published later the same year in the Lancet. He described 43 children who had serious problems with sustained attention and self-regulation, who were often aggressive, defiant, resistant to discipline, excessively emotional or passionate, who showed little inhibitory volition, had serious problems with sustained attention.

The history of British Pediatrics: Sir George Frederick Still

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) The father of British pediatrics.

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) the father of British pediatrics. He was born in Highbury, England, and attended medical school at Cambridge University. His father died when he was 17 years of age, causing a dramatic change in the family economy.

Swedish

ADHD Historia 1798: Alexander Crichton

Den första väldokumenteradebeskrivningen av ADHD liknande fenomenologi

En Skotsk man född 1763 som blev medicine doktor i Holland 1785. Efter flera framgångsrika år i Europa flyttade Crichton till Ryssland och blev livläkare till Tsar Alexander den förste. Hans mest kända bok är egentligen tre böcker på över 700 sidor samlade I två volymer med det långa namnet:“An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement: comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their efects, “


Alexander Crichton del 2

Alexander Crichton berörde i sin bok, svårigheten för personerna med den ‘mentala rastlös heten’ att filtera bort intryck och hur överkänsliga personerna var för olika händelser som inte verkade påverka andra i alls samma omfattning.

Englands förste professor i barnmedicin presenterade den 4, 6 och 11 Mars 1902 sina sedermera berömda föreläsningar för the Royal College of Physicians in London, under namnet “Goulstonian lectures” som handlade om ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, Föreläsningarna publicerades samma år i the Lancet. Han beskrev 43 barn som hade mycket allvarliga problem med att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig uppmärksamhet, att disciplinera sig själva och att inte bli ständigt överemotionella, aggressiva eller passionerat upptagna med något för situationen olämpligt.

1937 Benzedrine – den första ADHD medicinen

Det stora sensationella medicinska genombrottet för personer med svårigheter att sitta stilla och koncentrera sig, kom en bit in på 30-talet i form av den centralstimulerande medicineringen, Benzedrine, som tvärtemot vad man kunde tro lugnade ner barnen och gjorde dem mindre stökiga, ja rent av lugna, samt gav dem bättre förutsättningar till att upprätthålla sin koncentrationsförmåga under länge tid, som andra barn.

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941)

Englands förste professor i barnmedicin presenterade den 4, 6 och 11 Mars 1902 sina sedermera berömda föreläsningar för the Royal College of Physicians in London, under namnet “Goulstonian lectures” som handlade om ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, Föreläsningarna publicerades samma år i the Lancet. Han beskrev 43 barn som hade mycket allvarliga problem med att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig uppmärksamhet, att disciplinera sig själva och att inte bli ständigt överemotionella, aggressiva eller passionerat upptagna med något för situationen olämpligt.

ADD era Alexander, Crichton, 1798, Georgestill, 1902, Goulstonian lectures, ADHD historia,

Är det den perfekta historiksidan för ADHD och ADD eller finns det förbättringar att göra? Flickr ADHD History.

ADD och ADHD, NPF, Vetenskap

George Frederick Still 1902 the Lancet

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The Goulstoninan Lectures from the Lancet 1902

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) The father of British pediatrics.

England’s first professor in child medicine presented on 4th, 6th and 11th March 1902 a series of three lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in London, under the name “Goulstonian lectures” on ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, which were published later the same year in the Lancet. He described 43 children who had serious problems with sustained attention and self-regulation, who were often aggressive, defiant, resistant to discipline, excessively emotional or passionate, who showed little inhibitory volition, had serious problems with sustained attention and could not learn from the consequences of their actions; though their intellect was normal.

one of the first to describe the nature of ADHD and related disorders.

Part 1 in the history of ADHD: Alexander Crichton

Link: Part 2 in the history of ADHD Sir George Frederick Still

ADHD historik på Svenska
ADHD historia Del 1 Alexander Crichton
ADHD historia Del 2 Alexander Crichton
ADHD historia Del 3 Sir George Frederick Still
ADHD historia Del 4 Charles Bradley 1937 – Benzedrine

ADD och ADHD, NPF, Samhälle - politik, Vetenskap

The history of British Pediatrics: Sir George Frederick Still

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Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) The father of British pediatrics.

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) the father of British pediatrics. He was born in Highbury, England, and attended medical school at Cambridge University. His father died when he was 17 years of age, causing a dramatic change in the family economy. However, he had proved such gifts as a pupil of Merchant Taylors, that he received a scholarship enabling him to study at Caius College, Cambridge, where he received several awards and new scholarships.


At graduation, Cambridge

He was the first who described a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis which bears his name Still’s disease. He was also the one of the absolutley first to initially describe the symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). A Few other medical terms after Sir George Still’s names is: Still’s murmur and Still’s rash. During most of his adult life George’s hobby was to read the antique works in their original languages. He was fluent in Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic. His choice of profession, however, was medicine. His first salary at GOSH was only £20 a year (1894), and he had no private income, so Still’s early days at the hospital were spent in considerable poverty.

Sir Still gave his life to paediatrics. He wrote prolifically on childhood diseases and was secretary to the Children’s Clinical Club. Professor Still´s life was dedicated to improve the life chances of sick children, and especially to the patients at Great Ormond Street. Maybe just a look at his poetry can get us a glimpse of his thoughts. He wrote this poem in commemoration of his bellowed mother, Emma Andrew:

Years have gone since that sweet presence
And her ”boy” is old and grey,
But I hear my mother calling,
I am yet a child at play,
And my Mother has my heart-love,
And it seems but yesterday.


The same year he died, 1941, he published a volume of poems titled “Childhood and other poems”. These verses from this collection prove the importance of children to him, sick or healthy:

For my garden is the garden of children
Cometh naught there but golden hours,
for the children are its joy and its sunshine,
and they are its heaven sent flowers.


George Frederick Still as a child

Links to Part 1 in the history of ADHD: Alexander Crichton

Links to part 2 in the history of ADHD Sir George Frederick Still

BBC: Great Ormond Street’s Victorian patients

The history of GOSH, Great Ormond Street.

1989 Diana, Princess of Wales, becomes President of the Hospital
1991 Diana, Princess of Wales, laid the foundation stone for the new hospital building
1994 The Variety Club Building opened, funded by the Wishing Well Appeal
1997 The Princess of Wales’ final official visit on the hospital’s 145th birthday to open the Renal Unit
2001 Gene therapy lab opens, and clinical trials of gene therapy begin at GOSH
2002 150th Anniversary

Svensk

ADHD historia Del 1 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 2 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 3 Sir George Frederick Still

ADHD historia Del 4 Charles Bradley 1937 – Benzedrine

Wikipedia Svenska: Sir Gerorge Frederick Still

Sir George Frederick Still, Sittin’ On The Dock of the Bay

Meander in time

.

Copyright by the author, all rights reserved.

ADD och ADHD, NPF, Vetenskap

ADHD historik Del 3: Sir George Frederick Still

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Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) Den Brittiska pediatrikens fader.

Englands förste professor i barnmedicin presenterade den 4, 6 och 11 Mars 1902 sina sedermera berömda föreläsningar för the Royal College of Physicians in London, under namnet “Goulstonian lectures” som handlade om ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, Föreläsningarna publicerades samma år i the Lancet. Han beskrev 43 barn som hade mycket allvarliga problem med att upprätthålla en kontinuerlig uppmärksamhet, att disciplinera sig själva och att inte bli ständigt överemotionella, aggressiva eller passionerat upptagna med något för situationen olämpligt.


Still skrev: “I would point out that a notable feature in many of these cases of moral defect without general impairment of intellect is a quite abnormal incapacity for sustained attention.” Alltså ett problem som verkade utgå från barnens oförmåga att styra energin i sin egna uppmärksamhet, trotts att barnen i övrigt hade välfungerande intellekt
Och drog slutsatsen att:“there is a defect of moral consciousness which cannot be accounted for by any fault of environment” När Still talade om moralkontroll vilket var dåtidens begrepp grundat i läror från William James så refererade han snarare till den tidigares begreppsanvändning. Still avsåg med moralkontroll egentligen:“the control of action in conformity with the idea of the good of all” Alltså förmågan att agera för allas bästa.


”Another boy, aged 6 years, with marked moral defect was unable to keep his attention even to a game for more than a very short time, and as might be expected, the failure of attention was very noticeable at school, with the result that in some cases the child was backward in school attainments, although in manner and ordinary conversation he appeared as bright and intelligent as any child could be. These considerations on the nature of the defect may appear to speculative to have any practical value, but I venture to think that they have some basis in clinical fact, and my reason for bringing them forward in this connexion is to emphasise the possibility that other morbid conditions beside defect of moral consciousness may be responsible for defect of moral control.”

George Frederick Still beskrev självfallet inte adhd enligt dagens terminologi men många historiker inom fältet anser att de beskrivna barnens svårigheter sannolikt skulle betraktas som adhd i dag med den samsjuklighet som ofta följer med.

References:
Alexander Crichton : An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement : comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their e?ects. 1798.

Some abnormal psychical conditions in children: the Goulstonian lectures”. The Lancet’, 1902;1:1008-1012

Russell A. Barkley: The Relevance of the Still Lectures to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A Commentary. 2006; 10; 137 J Atten Disord.

George F. Still Some Abnormal Psychical Conditions in Children: Excerpts From Three Lectures 2006; 10; 126 J Atten Disord.

Palmer, E. D., and Finger, S. 2001. An early description of ADHD(Inattention Subtype): Dr. Alexander Crichton and the ”MentalRestlessness” (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Reviews, 6, 66-73.

Ett stort tack till

Ph.D. Russell Barkley för reflektioner och material.

Samt ett stort tack till Professor Stan Finger vid Washington universitetet i St Louis, för kloka och välgenomarbetade artiklar med exemplariska hänvisningar.Det känns tryggt att skriva till en av världens mest kunniga professorer inom neurovetenskaplig historik sent en fredagskväll och en kvart senare få svar från en professor som skriver Cheers och verkar allmänt glad samtidigt som han lämnar distinkta hänvisningar och snabbt erbjuder sig att skicka behövda referenser.

Snacka om bedårande skönt avslappnad kunnighet, med en djup kärlek till kallet. Hatten av, även bocken bugar.

ADHD historik på Svenska

ADHD historia Del 1 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 2 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 3 Sir George Frederick Still

ADHD historia Del 4 Charles Bradley 1937 – Benzedrine

English

Links to Part 1 in the history of ADHD: Alexander Crichton
Links to part 2 in the history of ADHD Sir George Frederick Still

Gerorge Still som barn

ADD och ADHD, NPF, Samhälle - politik, Vetenskap

The history of ADHD 1902, Sir George Frederick Still

3 kommentarer

Sir George Frederick Still (1868-1941) The father of British pediatrics.

England’s first professor in child medicine presented on 4th, 6th and 11th March 1902 a series of three lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in London, under the name “Goulstonian lectures” on ‘some abnormal psychical conditions in children’, which were published later the same year in the Lancet. He described 43 children who had serious problems with sustained attention and self-regulation, who were often aggressive, defiant, resistant to discipline, excessively emotional or passionate, who showed little inhibitory volition, had serious problems with sustained attention and could not learn from the consequences of their actions; though their intellect was normal.

He wrote “I would point out that a notable feature in many of these cases of moral defect without general impairment of intellect is a quite abnormal incapacity for sustained attention.

He concluded:“there is a defect of moral consciousness which cannot be accounted for by any fault of environment” When Still was talking about Moral Control, he was referring to it as William James had did before him, but to Still, the moral control of behavior meant “the control of action in conformity with the idea of the good of all”


”Another boy, aged 6 years, with marked moral defect was unable to keep his attention even to a game for more than a very short time, and as might be expected, the failure of attention was very noticeable at school, with the result that in some cases the child was backward in school attainments, although in manner and ordinary conversation he appeared as bright and intelligent as any child could be. These considerations on the nature of the defect may appear to speculative to have any practical value, but I venture to think that they have some basis in clinical fact, and my reason for bringing them forward in this connexion is to emphasise the possibility that other morbid conditions beside defect of moral consciousness may be responsible for defect of moral control.”


George Still certainly did not use the current terminology for this disorder, but many historians of ADHD have inferred that the children he described in his series of three published lectures to the Royal College of Physicians would likely have qualified for the current disorder of ADHD combined type, among other disorders.

George Still as child

The History of British Pediatrics.

George F Still

References:
Alexander Crichton : An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement : comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their e?ects. 1798.

Some abnormal psychical conditions in children: the Goulstonian lectures”. The Lancet’, 1902;1:1008-1012

Russell A. Barkley: The Relevance of the Still Lectures to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A Commentary. 2006; 10; 137 J Atten Disord.

George F. Still Some Abnormal Psychical Conditions in Children: Excerpts From Three Lectures 2006; 10; 126 J Atten Disord.

Palmer, E. D., and Finger, S. 2001. An early description of ADHD(Inattention Subtype): Dr. Alexander Crichton and the ”MentalRestlessness” (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Reviews, 6, 66-73.

Many Thanks to:
Dr. Russell Barkley for material and kind advice.
Stanley Finger at Washington university in St Louis.

Links to Part 1 in the history of ADHD: Alexander Crichton

Links to part 2 in the history of ADHD Sir George Frederick Still

Swedish

ADHD historia Del 1 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 2 Alexander Crichton

ADHD historia Del 3 Sir George Frederick Still

ADHD historia Del 4 Charles Bradley 1937 – Benzedrine

Copyright by the author, all rights reserved.