NMDA receptorantagonister och AMPA receptormodulerare är de vanligaste kandidaterna när det gäller den verkningsvägen, pilotstudier kommer inom det närmaste att startas kring NMDA receptorantagonisten Memantin för att utröna hur väl det fungerar mot vissa av ADHD symptomen. En av de intressanta aspekterna med vissa av dessa läkemedel är att delar av den kognitivt förbättrande effekten sitter i efter att läkemedlet lämnat kroppen. Dvs de gör bättre skäl för namnet ’läkemedel’ än många andra medel gör, men hur är det då möjligt frågar man sig. Detta är temat för ett senare blogginlägg: Hur läker ett läkemedel.
Kategoriarkiv: Vetenskap
Koncentrationsläger Bättre för Barn med ADD – ADHD?
Ibland kan man undra hur det skulle sett ut om andra funktionshinder mötte samma öden som ADD eller ADHD, vad tror du?
Hade folk turats om att försöka få bort diagnosen förlamad i benen, eller helt enkelt benamputerad? Och skrivit insändare efter insändare med hur otroligt stigmatiserande det skulle vara om de utan ben fick rullstolar att använda för att ta sig fram? Hade upprördheten hos socionomerna varit lika stor? Skulle någon uttala sig om hur oerhört stigmatiserande och onödigt det varmed rullstolar, vilka dessutom kan tippa baklänges! Hör och häpna.
Tänk på de unga barnen, de kanske skulle sitta och bli feta i rullstolarna? Är det då inte bättre att de sitter hemma på vinden som förr i tiden, då man gömde undan dem så att de inte fick ta del av samhället. Deras skolgång kostade ju faktiskt just inget på den gamla goda tiden, så varför ska de klaga nu för, de växer ju rullstolar som svampar ur jorden…
Money makes the world go around, and the wheelchars to, baby blue.
Ursäkta att jag frågar men skulle någon ställa frågorna om funktionshinder enligt samma princip när det gäller andra grupper? Och varför kan man anse att ett funktionshinder är värt att ringakta bara för att man själv inte kan inse dess uppenbarhet? Susanne Bejerot skriver i Läkartidningen: Det synes angeläget att åtminstone inte läkarkåren förleds att tro på förtal av kolleger från fundamentalister och inte heller låter sig skrämmas till tystnad av rädsla för trakasserier…
Funktionshindret ADHD är vid första anblicken osynligt men kan vara mer handikappande än ett rullstolsberoende, oavsett om man gillar diagnosen eller inte.
Intressant nog skriver hon ”låter sig skrämmas” antagligen för att hon förstått den fundamentalistiska vilja som vill förneka människor dess grundläggande mänskliga rättighet att ta del av samhället genom att förneka deras funktionshinder, genom att förneka deras diagnos och genom att förneka deras värdighet att själva förstå vad som är bäst för dem. För de flesta av oss skulle nog inte vilja äta mediciner om vi inte behövde dem, eller?
Kritikerna vill ju inte alls verka elaka eller omänskliga, utan hela hänsynslösheten sker ju givetvis med den falska förespeglingen att det är för barnen eller samhällets bästa ….. Jo, givetvis säger de det, för hur skulle det se ut annars? Då kanske avgrundskritikerna måste börja ta ansvar för sina åsikter och inse att de på fullt allvar försöker förneka människor sina mänskliga rättigheter att ta del av samhället. Varför finns det inga konstruktiva kritiker till diagnosen ADHD? Att gnälla är enkelt, man kan säga att diagnosen saknar vetenskaplig¹ underbyggnad och så vidare. Men varför kan det inte någon dag komma fram en kritiker som har något bättre att komma med för människorna med detta funktionshinder?
Kriminalvårdens forskningschef professor Martin Grann’s fantastiska uttalande om att det egentligen finns ganska lite forskning om ADHD är ganska intressant. Exakt vart ifrån har Professorn i psykologi hämtat den infomationen ifrån? Vilka har blivit lidande av denna inställning hos en person som rimligen har ett stort delansvar för att Kriminalvården först nyligen 2008 – 2009 förefaller ha insett att ADHD kan behandlas och att behandling kan vara bra för personer som har ADHD?
Är det inte en straffbar nonchalans att låta tusentals personer gå utan rimlig vård bara för att man är så frälst av sina egna åsikter som saknar verklighetsunderlag? ADHD Center
ADHD Relaterade Referenser
Historia
Primär Symptom
Diagnos kriterier
Prevalens
Könsskillnader
Associerade kognitiva, Utvecklings, och Hälso Problem
Komorbiditet
Subtyper
Föräldrar-Barn Interaktioner och Familje Problem
Etiologi
Uppföljningsstudier med utvärderingar
Teorier om ADHD och Executiva Funktioner
Utvärdering – Intervjuver och utvärderingar
Utvärdering – Psykologisk Testning
Utvärdering av ADHD hos Vuxna
Klinisk Föräldraträning
Föräldraträning i Skolan
Träna Familjer med Tonåringar som har ADHD
Behandla Relationsproblem
CS Medicinering för Barn med ADHD
Andra Mediciner för Barn med ADHD
Medicinerigng för Vuxna med ADHD
ADHD Kombinerade Insatser
ADHD Fakta:
Historik och relevanta sammanfattningar:
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Video: Methylphenidate. What is ADHD, Typennington ADHD.
Målande samband
Efter att ha kontemplerat svaret en tid undersökte jag om A-vitaminberikningen som ställer till en del av problemen. Det finns en del undersökningar som pekar på att A-vitamin hindrar D-vitaminets effekter även om mekanismen är oklar. Det finns några tusen D-vitamin derivat så vad som gör vad vet ingen i dag.
Fiskolja, ADHD och inflammerad genetik
- ”Conclusion: These data suggest that adolescents with ADHD continue to display abnormal essential fatty acid profiles that are often observed in younger children and distinctly different from normal controls of similar age. Further these red blood cell fatty acid differences are not explained by differences in intake. This suggests that there are metabolic differences in fatty acid handling between ADHD adolescents and normal controls. The value of omega-3 supplements to improve fatty acid profiles and possibly behaviours associated with ADHD, need to be examined.”
Tja, kolla själva… så slipper du känna att allt är färdigtuggat idag.
Denna sammanställning tar upp en del av kandidatgenerna till adhd och undersökningarna kring dem…
Consequences of Variations in Genes that affect Dopamine in
Prefrontal Cortex Kliar det i pannan?
Dopamine transporter 3’UTR VNTR genotype is a marker of performance on executive function tasks in children with ADHD Vetenskaplig artikel om några genotypers tänkbara inverkan
Evidensbaserad diskriminering?
Det står redan klart sedan länge att vi inte har någon jämställd vård i Sverige, vilket framgår mycket tydligt när det gäller de regionala skillnaderna på vård och utredningsmöjligheter för de neuropsykiatriska funktionshindren – NPF. Redan i dag ser vi mycket tydligt att vården inte kan anses vara evidensbaserad när den lyser med sin frånvaro.
SBU – Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering konstaterar en del frågetecken i sin faktasammanställning:
- Flickor med ADHD har lika stor funktionsnedsättning och lika allvarliga symtom som pojkar med ADHD. Flickor med ADHD presterar oftast sämre i skolan, har svårare att planera och organisera sin vardag, kommer ofta i konflikt med sina jämnåriga och stöts ut från kamratkretsen, jämfört med flickor utan ADHD.
- ADHD hos flickor är förknippat med risk för andra samtidiga diagnoser. Depression och ångest är vanligare hos flickor med ADHD jämfört med pojkar med ADHD och flickor utan ADHD. Trotssyndrom och uppförandestörning är vanligare än hos flickor utan ADHD, men mindre vanligt än hos pojkar med ADHD.
- Förekomsten av ADHD hos flickor är inte helt klarlagd men ligger i de flesta studier mellan 2 och 5 procent för flickor mellan 6 och 15 år. ADHD är mellan 1,3 till 4 gånger vanligare hos pojkar än hos flickor i befolkningsstudier.
- För tio år sedan fick 7 till 9 gånger flera pojkar än flickor diagnosen ADHD. Under senare år har andelen flickor som fått diagnosen ökat till 20-25 procent.
- Lärare upptäcker relativt sett fler pojkar än flickor med symtom på ADHD medan föräldrar identifierar flickor och pojkar i samma utsträckning.
- Flickor med ADHD behandlas i lägre omfattning med läkemedel eller beteendeterapi än pojkar även om andelen flickor har ökat under senare år.
- ADHD hos flickor har uppmärksammats mer inom forskningen under de senaste åren. Fortfarande finns dock stora brister i kunskapen om flickor med ADHD. Speciellt angeläget är:- Longitudinella studier för att få bättre kunskap om hur ADHD påverkar den vuxna kvinnans liv.- Studier som belyser flickor med ADHD och deras svårigheter under olika åldrar med tonvikt på förskoleåldern och tonåren.- Studier som granskar konsekvenserna av diagnos och insatser för flickan och hennes familj.- Studier som belyser vilka hinder som finns för utredning av flickor i Sverige.- Studier som fastställer eventuellt värde av könsspecifika diagnoskriterier.- Studier som bedömer risker och långtidseffekter av centralstimulerande medel.- Studier som bedömer effekten av beteendeterapi.- Studier som belyser effekter av olika insatser för självkänsla och förhindrande av utveckling av missbruk.- Studier om interaktionen mellan kvinnliga könshormoner och centralstimulerande medel.
C-uppsats från Linköpings universitet/Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier
: Vår uppsats handlar om ADHD sedd med genusperspektiv, tyngdpunkten ligger på flickors problembild. Vi har börjat med en tillbakablick av medicinsk forskning och psykvård, går sedan genom dagens norm för ADHD diagnostisering. Vi tar upp dagens medicinska förklaring till hur ADHD uppstår samt skillnader i flickors respektive pojkars symtombild. Vi har använt oss av strukturerad intervjumetod. Då vi intervjuat fyra vårdnadshavare över Internet passade denna metod bäst. Vi valde att intervjua fyra lärare, två personligen med bandspelare, en via mejl och den sista muntligt utan bandspelare. Analysen gäller hur pedagoger och föräldrar ser hur skolan hjälper flickor och pojkar med ADHD. Analysen visade att en del föräldrar är nöjda med skolans insatser medan andra föräldrar i undersökningen är mindre nöjda. Lärarna däremot anser att de arbetar för att barnen ska få den hjälp de behöver oavsett diagnos och kön. Av analysen kan vi dra slutsatsen att flickor upptäcks senare på grund av att diagnostiseringen sker utifrån pojkars symtombild.
Flickor med ADHD – fler måste bry sig!
Examensarbete, Malmö högskola/Lärarutbildningen
sammanfattning
Syftet med följande arbete är att undersöka pedagogiska möjligheter och hinder för en gynnsam utveckling hos flickor med en ADHD diagnos. I arbetet ges läsaren en inblick i specialpedagogiska strategier och metoder som gynnar flickor med ADHD. Metoden för vår undersökning är halvstrukturerade intervjuer som utförts med 13 respondenter. Tre av intervjuerna ägde rum i Finland med personer med olika spetskompetenser. Övriga tio intervjuer hölls på flera platser i Sverige med personer som hade spets- eller erfarenhetsbaserad kompetens. Sammanfattningsvis tyder resultaten på att respondenterna var väl insatta i ADHD problematiken. De flesta påpekade att flickors problematik måste synliggöras. Tidig upptäckt och tidiga insatser kan minska riskbeteenden som depression, sexuellt missbruk eller utbrändhet. Kontakten mellan hem och skola är av central betydelse. Vi kan konstatera att vuxnas kompetens och kännedom om funktionshindret, empati och positiva bemötande är avgörande för dessa flickors utveckling och lärande. Fler måste bry sig!
Flickor och ADHD : En kvalitativ studie som visar vilka symtom som beskrivs när det gäller flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD
C-uppsats, Örebro universitet/Institutionen för beteende-, social- och rättsvetenskap
sammanfattning
Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka huruvida det i barn- och ungdomspsykiatrins journaler förekommer dokumentation som visar på symtom som förekommer hos flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD. Frågeställningarna är: Vilka symtom beskrivs hos flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD? Vilka symtom beskrivs hos de flickor som har en tilläggsdiagnos utöver ADHD? I vilka ålderskategorier beskrivs symtomen som mest framträdande? I vilka miljöer framträder symtomen som beskrivs hos flickorna? Studiens tolkningsram är tidigare forskning och Erik H Eriksons modell över den psykosociala utvecklingen människans åtta åldrar. Metodvalet är kvalitativt med deduktiv ansats. Studien
bygger på ett urval journaler, totalt 34 stycken, på flickor mellan 7 och 18 år som diagnostiserats med ADHD och som varit aktuella för utredning och behandling mellan 2005-03-01 och 2006-03-01 på en barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk klinik i en mellansvensk stad. Resultatet visar att det finns tolv symtom som som beskrivits och dokumenterats i journalerna. Av dessa är sju symtom betydligt vanligare hos flickor mellan 13 och 18 år och ett symtom betydligt vanligare hos flickor mellan 7 och 12 år. Resultatet visar även att en tilläggsdiagnos kan påverka symtombilden för flickorna men den behöver inte göra det. Studien visar dessutom att symtomen är mest framträdande i skol- och hemmiljön. I diskussionen betonas att det är angeläget att uppmärksamma dessa flickor och då gärna så tidigt som möjligt för att förebygga utvecklingen av symtom. Utifrån resultatet är en viktig slutsats att flickorna bör få adekvat stöd i de miljöer där symtomen är mest framträdande. Studien efterfrågar vidare forskning om huruvida fler symtom innebär större svårigheter för dem som diagnostiserats samt om en ökad anpassning utifrån deras behov skulle kunna underlätta tillvaron för dem.
En C-uppsats från Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för socialt arbete
Det okända mörkertalet: en studie om ADHD ur ett genusperspektiv
lärosäte
C-uppsats, Luleå tekniska universitet/Utbildningsvetenskap
sammanfattning
Studien beskriver och analyserar några pedagogers syn på likheter och skillnader hos flickor och pojkar med diagnosen ADHD i grundskoleåldrarna samt de pedagogiska konsekvenserna av detta. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med verksamma pedagoger. Frågeställningarna hur symptomen för ADHD yttrar sig hos pojkar respektive flickor, hur diagnosfördelningen ser ut samt pedagogiska strategier för ADHD ur ett genusperspektiv besvaras. Resultatet visar att ett mörkertal finns bland diagnostisering av ADHD hos flickor och att deras symtombild är svårare att upptäcka än hos pojkar. Detta beror på att pojkar ofta uppvisar tydligare hyperaktivitet samt att diagnosmanualerna dels är anpassade efter graden av hyperaktivitet. Resultatet visar även att det krävs förmåga att improvisera samt vara lyhörd hos de pedagoger som arbetar med barn med ADHD.
Sammanfattning: Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka vilka konsekvenser diagnosen får för eleven ur ett föräldraperspektiv samt lärarperspektiv. Enligt skolans läroplaner skall alla barn ha rätt till det stöd och hjälp som de behöver i enlighet med det relationella perspektivet, där samspelet och interaktionen är betydande mellan de olika aktörerna på skolan. Den kvalitativa intervjuen har legat som grund vid vår undersökning. Resultatet pekade på att skolan präglas av det kategoriska perspektivet, där elevens svårigheter uppfattas som en konsekvens av svåra hemförhållanden eller låga begåvning.
Bättre sömn med Concerta
”CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems in patients with ADHD continue from childhood to adulthood, with similar objective sleep characteristics in adults and children with ADHD. Medication with methylphenidate appears to have beneficial effects on sleep parameters in adults with ADHD.”
Concerta verkar också kunna hjälpa till mot beroende av dödsdroger och det är väl ändå bra?